Then: History Professor and Civil Rights Activist

Later: Historian, Author, US Presidential Medal of Freedom Awardee

African-American civil rights advocate, author of From Slavery to Freedom: A History of Negro Americans, and recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom “From the time that I taught at the Salzburg Seminar in American Studies in 1951, I have been a student and an advocate of the view that the exchange of ideas is more healthy and constructive than the exchange of bullets.”—John Hope Franklin’s “A Life of Learning” lecture (April 1988)